Remote signing
Remote signing means the signature is created on a server managed by a QTSP instead of on a card or token held by the user. The private keys live in a certified HSM (a remote QSCD); the user authorises each signature from their own device with strong authentication.
The standards behind this (CEN EN 419 241, ETSI TS 119 431/432) require sole control: only the signer can activate their key. Remote signing makes a QES as easy as a mobile app - no hardware for the user - and is the model Cleverbase uses (with the CSC API for integrations).