Single sign-on (SSO)
Single sign-on lets a user authenticate once and then access multiple applications without logging in again. A central identity provider performs the authentication; connected applications receive a signed token or assertion proving who the user is, via protocols such as OpenID Connect or SAML.
SSO improves both usability and security: fewer passwords, one place to enforce strong authentication and to revoke access. The flip side is concentration of risk - compromise the SSO account and you reach everything - which is why the login itself deserves the strongest factors (FIDO2, high-assurance eID).